{"id":418741,"date":"2026-08-28T13:00:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T12:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.achpress.com\/?p=418741"},"modified":"2026-08-28T16:16:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:16:32","slug":"%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a8%d8%ad-%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.achpress.com\/?p=418741","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646.. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628”\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a “"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u060c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1993\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1995 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1993 \u06481999 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2000 \u06482001 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2002 \u06482007\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2009\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0641\u064a 3 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2007.
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\n\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2015 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2021 \u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u06332021\u0640 2026.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a 26 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631.
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